Communications of the ACM (CACM), Volume 34, 1991

Volume 34, Number 1, January 1991

International Perspectives

• 
  Seymour E. Goodman:
  The Globalization of Computing: Perspectives on a Changing World. 19-21

Computing Practices

• 
  Eric K. Clemons:
  Evaluation of Strategic Investments in Information Technology. 22-36
• 
  Clarence A. Ellis, Simon J. Gibbs, Gail L. Rein:
  Groupware: Some Issues and Experiences. 39-58

Articles

• 
  Vijay Gurbaxani, Seungjin Whang:
  The Impact of Information Systems on Organizations and Markets. 59-73
• 
  John D. Gould, Stephen J. Boies, Clayton Lewis:
  Making Usable, Useful, Productivity-Enhancing Computer Applications. 74-85
• 
  Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa, Blake Ives, Gordon B. Davis:
  Supply/Demand of IS Doctorates in the 1990s. 86-99
• 
  Gary L. Eerkes:
  Profiling Computer Science Master's Programs. 100-109

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  The Clock Grows at Midnight. 170

Volume 34, Number 2, February 1991

Viewpoint

• 
  Steve Steinberg:
  A Student's View of Cryptography in Computer Science. Commun. ACM 34(2): 15-17 (1991)

Personal Computing

• 
  Larry Press:
  Personal Computers and the World Software Market. 23-28

Log on Education

• 
  Elliot Soloway:
  Quick, Where do the Computers Go? 29-33

Articles

• 
  Nancy G. Leveson:
  Software Safety: In Embedded Computer Systems. 34-46
• 
  K. W. Yu, Tong Lai Yu:
  Superimposing Encrypted Data. 48-54
• 
  Flaviu Cristian:
  Understanding Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems. 56-78

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  Certifying Professionals. 130

Volume 34, Number 3, March 1991

Legally Speaking

• 
  Pamela Samuelson:
  Is Information Property? 15-18

Electronic Frontier

• 
  John Perry Barlow:
  Coming into the Country. 19-21

Articles

• 
  Dorothy E. Denning:
  The United States vs. Craig Neidorf: A Debate on Electronic Publishing, Constitutional Rights and Hacking. 22-43
• 
  David Gries:
  Teaching Calculation and Discrimination: A More Effective Curriculum. 44-55
• 
  Daniel Nussbaum, Anant Agarwal:
  Scalability of Parallel Machines. 57-61

Computing Practices

• 
  Jukka Teuhola, Lutz M. Wegner:
  Minimal Space, Average Linear Time Duplicate Deletion. 62-73
• 
  Deborah Hix, Robert S. Schulman:
  Human-Computer Interface Development Tools: A Methodology for Their Evaluation. 75-87
• 
  Dorothea Blostein, Lippold Haken:
  Justification of Printed Music. 88-99

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  Putting on Your Best Interface. 138

Volume 34, Number 4, April 1991

Personal Computing

• 
  Larry Press:
  Personal Computers as Research Tools. 19-25

Digital Multimedia Systems

• 
  Edward A. Fox:
  Standards and the Emergence of Digital Multimedia Systems (Introduction to the Special Issue). 26-29
• 
  Gregory K. Wallace:
  The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard. 30-44
• 
  Greg Cockroft, Lee Hourvitz:
  NeXTstep: Putting JPEG to Multiple Uses. 45, 116
• 
  Didier Le Gall:
  MPEG: A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications. 46-58
• 
  Ming L. Liou:
  Overview of the px64 kbit/s Video Coding Standard. 59-63
• 
  Kevin Harney, Mike Keith, Gary Lavelle, Lawrence D. Ryan, Daniel J. Stark:
  The i750 Video Processor: A Total Multimedia Solution. 64-78
• 
  Frans Sijstermans, Jan van der Meer:
  CD-I Full-Motion Video Encoding on a Parallel Computer. 81-91
• 
  Andrew Lippman:
  Feature Sets for Interactive Images. 92-102
• 
  Michael Liebhold, Eric M. Hoffert:
  Toward an Open Environment for Digital Video. 103-112
• 
  Eric M. Hoffert, Greg Gretsch:
  The Digital News System at EDUCOM: A Convergence of Interactive Computing, Newspapers, Television and High-Speed Networks. 113-116
• 
  Nathaniel S. Borenstein:
  Multimedia Electronic Mail: Will the Dream Become a Reality? 117-119

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  Interpreting (Mis)information. 144

Volume 34, Number 5, May 1991

Computing Perspectives

• 
  Maurice V. Wilkes:
  Software and the Programmer. 23-24

Practical Programmer

• 
  Marc Rettig:
  Testing Made Palatable. 25-29

Software Engineering

• 
  Peter A. Freeman, Marie-Claude Gaudel:
  Building a Foundation for the Future of Software Engineering (Introduction to the Special Issue). 30-33
• 
  Premkumar T. Devanbu, Ronald J. Brachman, Peter G. Selfridge:
  LaSSIE: A Knowledge-Based Software Information System. 34-49
• 
  Armen Gabrielian, Matthew K. Franklin:
  Multilevel Specification of Real Time Systems. 50-60
• 
  Christine Lafontaine, Yves Ledru, Pierre-Yves Schobbens:
  An Experiment in Formal Software Development: Using the B Theorem Prover on a VDM Case Study. 62-71
• 
  Jack C. Wileden, Alexander L. Wolf, William R. Rosenblatt, Peri L. Tarr:
  Specification-Level Interoperability. 72-87
• 
  Rubén Prieto Díaz:
  Implementing Faceted Classification for Software Reuse. 88-97

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  Expecting the Unexpected Mayday. 128

Volume 34, Number 6, June 1991

From Washington

• 
  Diane Crawford:
  CEOs Unite to Influence U.S. Technology Policy. 15-18

Legally Speaking

• 
  Pamela Samuelson:
  First Amendment Rights For Information Providers? 19-23

Internationsl Perspectives

• 
  Seymour E. Goodman, William K. McHenry:
  The Soviet Computer Industry: A Tale of Two Sectors. 25-28

Soviet Computing

• 
  Vadim E. Kotov:
  Project START. 30-31
• 
  Vadim E. Kotov:
  Concurrency + Modularity + Programmability = MARS. 32-45
• 
  Enn Tyugu:
  Three New-Generation Software Environments. 46-59
• 
  Alexander S. Narin'yani:
  Intelligent Software Technology for the New Decade. 60-67

Articles

• 
  Allen B. Tucker:
  Computing Curricula 1991. 68-84

Inside Risks

• 
  Robert N. Charette:
  The Risks With Risk Analysis. 106

Volume 34, Number 7, July 1991

Practical Programmer

• 
  Marc Rettig:
  Nobody Reads Documentation. 19-24

Personal Computing

• 
  Larry Press:
  Notes from COMDEX. 25-29

Articles

• 
  Isaac V. Kerlow:
  Art + Design + Computer Graphics Technology. 30-39
• 
  Jay F. Nunamaker Jr., Alan R. Dennis, Joseph S. Valacich, Douglas R. Vogel, Joey F. George:
  Electronic Meeting Systems To Support Group Work. 40-61
• 
  Joey F. George, John Leslie King:
  Examining the Computing and Centralization Debate. 62-72
• 
  Richard L. Phillips:
  MediaView: A General Multimedia Digital Publication System. 74-83

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  Computers, Ethics, and Values. 106

Volume 34, Number 8, August 1991

Computing Perspectives

• 
  Maurice V. Wilkes:
  Revisiting Computer Security in the Business World. 19-21

Electronic Frontier

• 
  John Perry Barlow:
  Private Life in Cyberspace. 23-25

Real-Time Knowledge-Based Control Systems

• 
  Marcel Schoppers:
  Real-Time Knowledge-Based Control Systems (introduction to the Special Section). 26-30
• 
  B. Chandrasekaran, R. Bhatnager, D. D. Sharma:
  Real-Time Disturbance Control. 32-47
• 
  David W. Payton, Thomas E. Bihari:
  Intelligent Real-Time Control of Robotic Vehicles. 49-63
• 
  Wolf Kohn:
  Declarative Control Architecture. 64-79
• 
  C. J. Paul, Anurag Acharya, Bryan Black, Jay K. Strosnider:
  Reducing Problem-Solving Variance to Improve Predictability. 80-93

Computing Practices

• 
  Jeffrey E. Kottemann, Michael D. Gordon, Jack W. Stott:
  A Storage and Access Manager for Ill-Structured Data. 94-103
• 
  Edward H. Bersoff, Alan M. Davis:
  Impacts of Life Cycle Models on Software Configuration Management. 104-118

Inside Risks

• 
  Ronni Rosenberg:
  Mixed Signals About Social Responsibility. 146

Volume 34, Number 9, September 1991

International Perspectives

• 
  Seymour E. Goodman:
  From Under the Rubble: Computing and the Resuscitation of Romania. 19-22

Log on Education

• 
  Elliot Soloway:
  How the Nintendo Generation Learns. 23-26

Lisp

• 
  John K. Foderaro:
  LISP: Introduction to the Special Section. 27
• 
  Richard P. Gabriel, Jon L. White, Daniel G. Bobrow:
  CLOS: Integrating Object-Oriented and Functional Programming. 28-38
• 
  Kenneth H. Sinclair, David A. Moon:
  The Philosophy of Lisp. 40-47
• 
  Oliver Gajek:
  The Metal System. 46-47
• 
  D. Kevin Layer, Chris Richardson:
  Lisp Systems in the 1990s. 48-57
• 
  Scott McKay:
  CLIM: The Common Lisp Interface Manager. 58-59
• 
  Hans Muller:
  LispView: Leverage Through Integration. 59-61
• 
  Richard Barber, George Imlah:
  Delivering the Goods with Lisp. 61-63
• 
  James R. Allard, Lowell B. Hawkinson:
  Real-Time Programming in Common Lisp. 64-69
• 
  Rocky L. Stewart:
  Biosphere 2 Nerve System. 69-71

Articles

• 
  Fernando J. Corbató:
  On Building Systems That Will Fail. 72-81
• 
  Karen A. Frenkel:
  An Interview With Fernando Jose Corbató. 82-90

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  The Not-So-Accidental Holist. 122

Volume 34, Number 10, October 1991

Computing Perspectives

• 
  Maurice V. Wilkes:
  Could It Have Been Predicted? 19-21

Legally Speaking

• 
  Pamela Samuelson:
  Digital Media and the Law. 23-28

Next-Generation Database Systems

• 
  R. G. G. Cattell:
  Introduction to the Special Section on Next-Generation Database Systems. 30-33
• 
  O. Deux:
  The O2 System. 34-48
• 
  Charles Lamb, Gordon Landis, Jack A. Orenstein, Daniel Weinreb:
  The ObjectStore Database System. 50-63
• 
  Paul Butterworth, Allen Otis, Jacob Stein:
  The Gemstone Object Database Management System. 64-77
• 
  Michael Stonebraker, Greg Kemnitz:
  The Postgres Next Generation Database Management System. 78-92
• 
  Guy M. Lohman, Bruce G. Lindsay, Hamid Pirahesh, K. Bernhard Schiefer:
  Extensions to Starburst: Objects, Types, Functions, and Rules. 94-109
• 
  Abraham Silberschatz, Michael Stonebraker, Jeffrey D. Ullman:
  Database Systems: Achievements and Opportunities. 110-120

Report

• 
  Barbara Simons, Dennis J. Frailey, A. Joe Turner, Stuart H. Zweben, Peter J. Denning:
  An ACM Response: The Scope and Directions for Computer Science. 121-131

Volume 34, Number 11, November 1991

From Washington

• 
  Diane Crawford:
  Supercomputing Policy Links Science and the 'C' World. 25-28

Articles

• 
  Eric S. Lander, Robert Langridge, Damian M. Saccocio:
  Mapping and Interpreting Biological Information. 32-39
• 
  Karen A. Frenkel:
  The Human Genome Project and Informatics. 40-51
• 
  Cherri M. Pancake:
  Software Support for Parallel Computing: Where Are We headed? 52-64
• 
  Steven R. Newcomb, Neill A. Kipp, Victoria T. Newcomb:
  The "HyTime" Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language. 67-83
• 
  Monty Newborn, Danny Kopec:
  The 21st ACM North American Computer Chess Championship. 84-92
• 
  Robert D. Silverman:
  Massively Distributed Computing and Factoring Large Integers. 95-103
• 
  James E. Lumpp Jr., Samuel A. Fineberg, Wayne G. Nation, Thomas L. Casavant, Edward C. Bronson, Howard Jay Siegel, Pierre H. Pero, Thomas Schwederski, Dan C. Marinescu:
  CAPS: A Coding Aid For PASM. 104-117

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  The Human Element. 150

Volume 34, Number 12, December 1991

Personal Computing

• 
  Larry Press:
  Wide-Area Collaboration. 21-24

International Perspectives

• 
  Seymour E. Goodman:
  Computing in a Less-Developed Country. 25-29

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

• 
  Jonathan Grudin:
  CSCW - Introduction to the Special Section. Commun. ACM 34(12): 30-34 (1991)
• 
  Hiroshi Ishii, Naomi Miyake:
  Toward an Open Shared Workspace: Computer and Video Fusion Approach of Teamworkstation. 36-50
• 
  Ellen Francik, Susan Ehrlich Rudman, Donna Cooper, Stephen Levine:
  Putting Innovation to Work: Adoption Strategies for Multimedia Communication Systems. 52-63
• 
  Morten Kyng:
  Design for Cooperation: Cooperating in Design. 64-73
• 
  Constance Perin:
  Electronic Social Fields in Bureaucracies. 74-82
• 
  Laurence C. Rosenberg:
  Update On National Science Foundation Funding Of The "Collaboratory". 83
• 
  Rob Kling:
  Cooperation, Coordination and Control in Computer-Supported Work. 83-88
• 
  Donald A. Norman:
  Collaborative Computing: Collaboration First, Computing Second. 88-90

Inside Risks

• 
  Peter G. Neumann:
  Collaborative Effords. 162